A. NOSE:-
2. Cold and Flu:- ( Part 1 )
1. Definition:-
- Also known as Common cold or Acute Coryza
- Viral infection of Upper Respiratory system
- Limited to upper respiratory system and affects mainly:-
2. Nasophayrnx
3. Nose
4. Cavernous sinus
5. Paranasal sinus
2. Causes:-
- Viral infections ( more than 200 virus cause colds )
- Most common viruses
2. corona viruse
- Other viruses as:-
2. Echoviruses
3. RSV
4. Parainfluenza viruses
3. Transmission:-
1. Self - inoculation of nasal mucosa
contact with 1. Animate :- hands
2. Inanimate :- doorknobs, Telephones
2. Droplets ( Aerosol transmission)
4. Pathophysiology:-
5. Duration:- 3 -7 days
6. Complications :- 1. 2nd bacterial infection 2. Otitis media
3. Sinusitis
4. Laryngitis
7. High Risk Categories :- ( Patients with)
1. Age above 65 years
2. Pulmonary diseases
3. Cardiovascular diseases
4. Liver diseases
5. Renal diseases
6. Immunosuppressed patients
7. Diabetes mellitus
8. Difference Between Common Cold and Flu :-
No.
|
Comparison
|
Common cold
|
Influenza
|
1
|
Definition
|
Viral infection of nose, nasopharynx and URT
|
Acute infection of respiratory tract caused by viral infection
|
2
|
Causes
|
More than 200 viruses
Most common
1.
Rhinoviruses (40
%)
2.
Coronaviruses
( 10 %)
|
3 types of myxoviruse
( A, B, AND C)
|
3
|
Transmission
|
Droplet , contact
|
Droplet inhalation
|
4
|
Symptoms
|
|
|
|
1.
Onset
|
Gradual
Start with discomfort of nose, eye, throat
|
Rapid ( shivering, myalgia, headache )
|
|
2.
Severity
|
Mild to moderate
|
Severe
|
|
3.
Sneezing
|
Yes ( common)
|
No (sometimes)
|
|
4.
Fever
|
Low grade or no
|
High grade fever
|
|
5.
Headache
|
Sometimes
|
Always
|
|
6.
Runny nose
|
Yes
|
Clear nose
|
|
7.
Cough
|
Mild
|
Always / dry cough
|
|
8.
Aches
|
Mild
|
Severe
|
|
9.
Fatigue
|
Mild
|
General
|
|
10. Sore throat
|
Yes ( common)
|
Sometimes
|
5
|
Recovery
|
4 -10 days
|
4 -5 days
|
6
|
Complications
|
Sinusitis, otitis media , laryngitis
|
Lower respiratory tract infections ( bronchitis , pneumonia )
|
9. Asking :-
you need to ask about :-- Age ( child / Adult)
- Duration of symptoms
- Runny or blocked Nose
- Summer cold
- Sneezing
- cough
- Generalized fatigue or headache
- High temperature
- Sore throat
- facial pain
- Flu
- Previous history
- Onset of symptoms
- Aggravating Factors
- Special groups ( CVS, Renal, Pregnancy , Lactating )
All of the above and pharmacological treatment in details ............. NEXT TIME
THANKS
MILAD REDA
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